The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
Below is a list of the main glands, some of the hormones they produce and what effects they have on the body.
Hypothalamus
- Major hormones : ADH, Oxytocin and various hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland.
- Influences : Nervous and hormonal systems
Pituitary gland
- Major hormones : Luteinising hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Prolactin, growth hormone, Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Oxytocin, Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
- Influences : Reproduction, Growth, Childbirth, Breastfeeding, Hormone regulation
Pineal gland
- Major hormones : Melatonin
- Influences : Sleep cycle
Thyroid gland
- Major hormones : Tri-iodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), Calcitonin
- Influence : Metabolism, bone health
Parathyroid gland
- Major hormones : Parathyroid hormone
- Influences : Calcium and vitamin D regulation
Adrenal glands
- Major hormones : Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Cortisol, Aldosterone
- Influences : Stress response and blood pressure / salt control
Pancreas
- Major hormones : Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin
- Influences : Blood sugar control
Ovaries (females only)
- Major hormones : Oestrogen, Progesterone
- Influences : Female characteristics
Testes (males only)
- Major hormones : Testosterone
- Influences : Male characteristics
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